Odesseus and Gilgamesh Essay - 1859 Words

In literature there are many aspects and different narratives of the same story which is subject to change. There are numerous ideas which can be captured and conceived according to the reviewer and very good examples of such literary work are Mythological tales. Most commonly renowned mythological work is of â€Å"Homers Odyssey† and the â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† with major emphasis on the tentative issue of â€Å"heroism†. Odysseus belonged to mainland Europe and Gilgamesh Epic is Middle Eastern work with Gilgamesh’s tale having been written on twelve tablets of clay. Both these tales are folklore and are considered an Epic which means a saga, Heroic Poem, narrative or Legend. A frenzy of events takes place including achievements and prominent†¦show more content†¦Odysseus’s tale starts sailing far and wide and on reaching north put the ships on hanger where Eurylochus who was second in command of Odysseus prepared a male and female sheep for sacrifice. After offering prayers to the dead the people of the river offered the sheep to them and put the remaining parts in a pit which had been dug with shadows of the dead gathering around. It was a ritual to establish communion with the dead who bore messages for the living and were respected and offered sacrifices. Elpenor who was the comrade of Odysseus amongst the dead and the first one to walk in the pit requested Odysseus to go back to Aeaea and to bless but he gestured his sword to hold her back with Tiresias (a blind prophet ) warning him of a turbulent future. Prophesying that he might return home accompanied by none and on dealing with the suitors troubling his kith and kin in Ithaca, he will have to walk inlands which will only end when he finds people who have never heard of the ocean followed by ceding to Poseidon. Further Tiresias also told Odysseus that the reason his mother did not share a gaze with him was that she must be allowed to taste blood. The shadow of Odysseus’s mother also told him that Laertes (father of Odysseus) was sick and longed for him. The next spirit in the pit was of the grand daughter of Aeolus, who shared a story including mother of Oedipus, Nestor Castor, Pollux and Ariadne respectively. Next in the pit was Odysseus’s

Determinants of Health Inequity and Significance to Public Health Free Essays

The move to promote social justice extends that of public health service in what we now deem as eradicating ‘health inequity. ’Contemporary public health has now evolved such that the scope not only covers merely that of sanitation, diet regulation, disease treatment and quarantine/control but also, on the deeper scope, finding roots of the socioeconomic problems associated with morbidity, mortality and the likes and eliminating or targetshooting the cause. Such resolution would necessitate finding out the fundamental causes of the differential health determinants along the scope of social gradient. We will write a custom essay sample on Determinants of Health Inequity and Significance to Public Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cohort studies on mortality and ‘deprivation’ used to analyze the relation on conditions between populations with different socioeconomic statuses and Chalmers and Capewell (2001) reveals that deprived people die from the same conditions as affluent people but earlier in terms of years or lifespan. But is deprivation merely a way of reducing the elements of health inequity? Scott (2005) illustrated the â€Å"layman† analysis on health inequity in the US. As a first world country, the economic state is considerably well-off compared to other states but there exists disparities in health care which is embedded both in the concurrent social system and the economic and health care policies. Scott exemplified the ‘disparities’ using three persons from different social strata with heart disease. It is not known if the ‘personas’ used by Scott were ‘real’ or ‘factual’ but the personas—John Miele (upper class Manhattan architect), Will Wilson (middle class office worker), and Ewa Rycnzac (lower class housekeeper) —do illustrate a window of social ladder and take us deeper into retrospective of the degree of health care accession and social approach these ‘personas’ are receiving. Classes predetermine the fate of health of the members of the state. The differences between accessions of health care are blatant; upper class John would have more chances of being healthy or, on the least, more liable to have the best of health care compared to Wilson and Ewa. Several elements are directly associated with the role of class in the health circumstances, ‘heart attack’, of the three personas: (a) location and accession to the best and afforded health service available; (2) education and income associated to health care accession; and (3) stress based on job types and control(4) social and networking and support of families and relatives. The ‘advantageous’ state is directly related to health outcomes and probability of survival. Herein, the high socioeconomic status enjoyed by Wilson gives him the capacity to act on his disability. In retrospect, there would be depreciation of ‘capacity’ or ‘advantage’ as the individual climbs below the social ladder. We note here that socioeconomic status and social gradient denotes ‘relativity’ (Lynch 2000) in health equity. Thus, we can say that there is an empirical element in this particular social injustice. Scott (2005) merely enunciated perceptions of health inequity and did not dwell deeper into the structural causes of inequality. What is exactly the linkage between socioeconomic statuses (SES) and social gradient on public health? According to Lynch (2000), the causal relation between income inequity and health can be best explained by neomaterial interpretation —differential accumulation of exposures and experiences that have their sources in the material world—and differences in individual income. Herein, the neomaterial interpretation dabbles on a the thought that the conglomeration of ‘negative exposures’ and ‘lack of resources’ held by individuals, along with systematic underinvestment across a wide range of human, physical, health, and social infrastructure. Lynch’s explanation reveals not only the an explanation of health inequity but also the aggravation of several social dilemmas which, naturally, pulls social justice down. Additionally, it is also noted here is that Lynch (2000) disposed the idea of psychosocial effect to explain the social crux. Marmot (2002) the epidemiological perspective on health inequity and Lynch (2000), he also stipulated the role of ‘income’ or ‘resources’ in health inequity. He added that: †¦income is causally associated with health through a direct effect on the material conditions necessary for biological survival, and through an effect on social participation and opportunity to control life circumstances (p. 31) He attributed the health inequity to poor material conditions and lack of social participation. Poor material conditions have been atypified above in the case of Scott (2000) and the different personas that he used to illustrate ‘dis/advantages’ within the social ladder. Marmot (2002) explained this ‘resource availability’ in terms of threshold; an individual and his ability to become a recipient of health care [services] indirectly depends on the range of resources. A typical resource is the income of the individual. Incomes relatively determine the amount of ‘spending’ or investments individuals attribute to health care. Poverty is, again, not the cause of health inequity. Other factors like ignorance, condition/type of the immediate community, and other exogenous factors (e. g. disease-related factors) correlate directly to health inequity. Although Marmot (2002) refused to acknowledge that it may also stem from ‘deprivation’, I contend that it is affected by it. Suffice it is to say that the standard of living is indirectly affected by resources then ‘deprivation’ affects public health. What the government, the public and all the individuals concerned should accomplish is to utilize the knowledge on fundamentals of health inequity, to create intervention tactics to combat the problem. In an attempt to reduce the effects of the destructive social gradient pre-existing within the community, Marmot (20002) exaggeratedly suggested ‘income redistribution. ’ The approach was obviously non-feasible and non-pragmatic and would defy the economic and political foundations of the state. What would be more feasible is creating policies that would, on the least, reduce the gaps between the advantageous ‘higher income’ strata and the lower echelons of the society. How to cite Determinants of Health Inequity and Significance to Public Health, Papers

Psychology book report Essay Example For Students

Psychology book report Essay The Boy who couldn’t stop Washing written by DR. Judith Rapoport, published by Penguin books in 1989, containing 292 pages, deals with obsessive compulsive disorder. Dr. Rapoport is a psychiatrist who specializes in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In this, book she reveals new drug treatments, new methods in diagnosis and behaviorist therapies. This is done through the study of her patients and their disorders. Rapoport has revealed this secret disease and hopes to bring and understanding about it to all that may suffer from it and to anyone who may want to be informed. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in learning about OCD. It may help those who face this disease everyday of their lives, and make them realize they are not alone. Also will aid in those who do not know much about this disease and give them and understanding and be aware that it surrounds us. There are many interesting quotes and advice given in this book; five statements stood out that I felt are worthwhile. â€Å"Most Psychiatrists don’t use the word â€Å"crazy† but that’s exactly how to talk about it with an obsessive-compulsives. Since they are so sane in every other way, you must agree with and understand how upset they are by how crazy it all is† (pg. 6). This stood out to me and made me realize many things. Many who would look at people with OCD would think they are crazy, but in fact they are as normal in a sense as anyone of us is but they suffer from a problem. We all suffer from some kind of problem but not to this degree, so when people label them as crazy it is wrong as yet they are saner than many of us. â€Å"Whether you know it or not you know someone with this disease†(pg. 115)After finishing this book I realized that this is somewhat true. This is a disease that has been kept a secret, and those that suffer from it keep it a hidden. It is embarrassing and those that suffer from this wish not to be identified. It has become a ritual to the person; they feel if they admit that they suffer from this that they will be labeled as â€Å"crazy† when if fact they are not. One of our family members may have it or friends, we never know, and that’s the amazing thing because we might be able to help them but they are not willing to be open about it. â€Å"Often parents behaviors, even quite odd and unreasonable behavior, are a reaction to difficult demands from a sick child, demands that they are only to glad to leave behind when the child stops suffering† (pg. 111). This was really interesting to me, before this I learned that parents help and participate with their sick children during their rituals, but as soon as the child is better things return to normal. This is understandable, a parent can’t bear to see a child suffer alone and so they join in as support. Their whole life may revolve around these rituals. Life then becomes awkward due to this. They only become happy when they are able to leave this bizarre life behind. What happens to the parents who don’t participate those who do not understand how may the child react to this? The parents who do cope and deal with the child and also help shows great strength, but also these parents need to find help because if they continue to just deal with it neit her one of them will heal. â€Å"A recent national survey of psychiatric disorders found that patients with OCD (compared with those without) are more likely to abuse drugs† (pg. 119) This amazed me when I read this. It said that a young man abused drugs as to relieve the pain of his disorder. He tried so many different drugs such as PCP and LSD; some helped him deal with it. Its sad that many of these OCD sufferers have to result to drugs to help cope with their disorder. I also wondered that if many of the drug users today are OCD sufferers. There should be more help for these OCD patients so they do not have to resort to using drugs, more should be done to research this, and help these people. .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 , .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .postImageUrl , .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 , .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2:hover , .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2:visited , .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2:active { border:0!important; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2:active , .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2 .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd0e21fb70e4c796b7ca7f6f6ac049b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Car Winterization Essayâ€Å"Zach became almost a new child over night just learning that his father had to face the same problem. The secrecy that seems to be inherent in this disorder is the first and sometimes the greatest enemy to overcome† (pg. 69) When someone is ashamed they don’t try to bring attention to this disorder. This may happen in many situations in life where people have to deal with some kind of disease. It seems thought that OCD has usually been kept much more of a secret than many other diseases. Its hard to cope with this but once you realize you are not the only one who may have this problem it might become much easier to face. Especiall y if you know someone close to you faced the same problem, you may gain courage to cope with it. This book was very intriguing; every aspect of this book amazed me. Rapoport starts of by telling the readers the purpose for writing this book is to inform people that they are not alone if they have OCD. She wants to inform those with OCD that help is available. She also wants to let those people understand more about their disorder. She wants to inform the non- informed about the disorder. It is extremely important for they’re to be an understanding about OCD among the general public. Understanding the disorder leads to disproving misconceptions. Dr. Rapoport then goes into life and trials of a family coping with the disease. A father and son both have OCD. At the current time, the parents finally realize their son has OCD. The father than tries to form a bond with his son based on the fact that he also has OCD. So they both are able to cope with it and able to find a way out. He discusses with his son his past experiences with the disease. After each case, Rapoport explains the individual disorder involving the son. She also explains the treatment given. If it be medicine or psychoanalysis. After the introduction into the disorder, Rapoport tries to explain the cause. The cause is really a mystery. They believe the problem involves neurotransmitters and the transferring of neurons. They base this on the fact that OCD resembles Parkinson’s disease and turrets syndrome. Many people take or are affected by different medicines. Anfril seems to be the most prominent drug used to treat OCD. This is based on a series of testing done, which is also described in the book. Rapoport then goes on to explain the different types of symptoms of OCD. There is the most popular which is washing. These people wash to get as clean as possible. What is strange is that they don’t seem to mind dirt, if it isn’t on themselves or on their personal belongings. She also goes into rarer symptoms like hair pulling and religious compulsions such as sins and gathers. What I found particular is her chapter on boundaries. There are many aspects of our culture or nature that we can say might be OCD, but not exactly. For example people who are overachievers or people who constantly want clean atmospheres in their home or office etc. the final chapter refers to religious reasons for why OCD occurs. There are many topics of OCD that I would like to further explore. One is particular is turning to drugs to try to cope with the disease. Also I would like to explore the more general topic of what is the cause of OCD, how does it come about and when did it originate. More boys suffer from OCD than girl’s do I would also like to explore this area, is there some chemical imbalance in boys that is different from those of girls.